Referral to emergency
If any of the following are present or suspected, please refer the patient to the emergency department (via ambulance if necessary) or seek emergent medical advice if in a remote region.
- suspected acute and ongoing gastrointestinal bleeding associated with haemodynamic compromise or anaemia
Please contact the on-call registrar to discuss your concerns prior to referral.
For clinical advice, please telephone the relevant specialty service.
Central Adelaide Local Health Network
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (08) 7074 0000
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (08) 8222 6000
Northern Adelaide Local Health Network
- Lyell McEwin Hospital (08) 8182 9000
Southern Adelaide Local Health Network
- Flinders Medical Centre (08) 8204 5511
- Noarlunga Hospital (08) 8384 9222
Regional health networks
- Refer to specific hospitals/health services within Regional health services
Suitability for facilitated access procedures are determined by the clinical indication, sedation safety and general fitness.
Exclusions
- any patient requiring third party consent
- patients who are high risk:
- American Anaesthetic Association class IV
- BMI > 45 kg/m2
- any of the following medical comorbidities
- pulmonary hypertension
- cardiac failure under care of a cardiac failure specialist
- untreated cardiac valvular disease
- implantable cardiac defibrillator
- lung disease under specialist care
- renal failure on dialysis
- liver cirrhosis – Child Pugh class B or class C
- neurodegenerative/neurological disease with significant disability impacting cognition, swallowing and/or mobility
- pulmonary hypertension
- American Anaesthetic Association class IV
Triage categories
Category 1 (appointment clinically indicated within 30 days)
- progressive dysphagia* in patients > 50 years of age with unintentional weight loss ≥ 5% in previous 3 to 6 months
- dysphagia plus abnormal cross-sectional imaging
- upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms plus unintentional weight loss ≥ 10% in previous 3 to 6 months
- new iron deficiency
- new positive coeliac antibodies, to confirm coeliac disease prior to commencing gluten free diet
- abnormal imaging suspicious of cancer
*The patient progresses from having trouble with solids, to soft food, to liquids - indicating structural pathology.
Category 2 (appointment clinically indicated within 90 days)
- known benign oesophageal stricture with recurrence of dysphagia requiring endoscopic dilation
Category 3 (appointment clinically indicated within 365 days)
- known Barrett’s oesophagus for surveillance
- screening for Barrett’s oesophagus in Caucasian population with age > 50 and no previous endoscopy
Essential referral information
Completion required before first appointment to ensure patients are ready for care. Please indicate in the referral if the patient is unable to access mandatory tests or investigations as they incur a cost or are unavailable locally.
History
- gastrointestinal symptoms
- cardiorespiratory disease
- sleep apnoea
- renal impairment, details of any
- diabetes type and treatments, see below
- personal history of polyps or cancer, include details as possible with results
- family history of cancer, including specific family members affected and ages
- alcohol use
- substance use
- allergies
Examination
- weight and height
- abnormal signs on general examination, e.g. pallor
- abnormal signs on abdominal examination
- details of rectal (PR) examination if available
Investigations
- iron studies and complete blood picture/exam
- coeliac serology
- past gastroscopy and histopathology if available
- relevant imaging
Medications
- complete list of medications, in particular blood thinning medication and diabetes mellitus medications such as SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists and insulin
- proton pump inhibitor use, dose and duration
Additional information to assist triage categorisation
- cross sectional imaging
- barium swallow
Clinical management advice
Consider referral to a private provider after discussion with patient.
If you are concerned that your patient requires specialist review, but the referral is declined, you are encouraged to contact the triaging clinician or Gastroenterology Registrar on call to discuss your concerns.
Clinical resources
- Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA) — Clinical practice resources
- RefHelp — Dysphagia, National Health Service
Consumer resources
Reason for request
- to establish a diagnosis
- for treatment or intervention
- for advice and management
- for specialist to take over management
- for a specified test/investigation the General Practitioner cannot order
- for other reason (e.g. rapidly accelerating disease progression)
- transfer of care from another tertiary service
- clinical judgement indicates a referral for specialist review is necessary.
Patient demographic details
- full name, including aliases
- date of birth
- residential and postal address
- telephone contact number/s – home, mobile and alternative
- Medicare number, where eligible
- name of the parent or caregiver, if appropriate
- preferred language and interpreter requirements
- identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Clinical modifiers
- impact on employment
- impact on education
- impact on home
- impact on activities of daily living
- impact on ability to care for others
- impact on personal frailty or safety
- identifies as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
Other relevant information
- Willingness to have surgery, where surgery is a likely intervention.
- Choice to be treated as a public or private patient.
- Compensable status, e.g. DVA, Work Cover, Motor Vehicle Insurance, etc.
- Relevant social history, including identifying if you feel your patient is from a vulnerable population, under guardianship/out-of-home care arrangements and/or requires a third party to receive correspondence on their behalf.
- Triage of a specialist outpatient referral is based on clinical decision making to allocate an appropriate urgency categorisation.
- Where appropriate and where available, the referral may be streamed to an associated public allied health and/or nursing service. Access to some specific services may include initial assessment and management by associated public allied health and/or nursing, which may either facilitate or negate the need to see the public medical specialist.
- A change in patient circumstance (such as condition deteriorating or pregnancy) may affect the urgency categorisation and should be communicated as soon as possible.
- All new referrals will be triaged by a consultant and appointment times scheduled according to clinical urgency.
Adolescents transitioning from paediatric to adult specialist services require a formal handover from paediatric specialist clinician to adult specialist clinician as well as a formal referral from the referring specialist to ensure initial transfer of care is completed.
The General Practitioners role in this process is to provide support to patients as part of holistic care. All ongoing referrals to specialists can subsequently be provided by the General Practitioner once the transfer of care has occurred.